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Iran to partake in Paris game exhibit
Iran’s National Foundation for Computer Games (NFCG) is planning to take part in the exhibition of the 2013 edition of…Read more:(http://english.irib.ir/radioculture/sci-tech/item/170349-iran-to-partake-in-paris-game-exhibit)
Iran to ask UNESCO to honor Book Week with message
The Iranian National Commission for UNESCO plans to ask UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova to send a message to Iran’s Book Week.
Read more: (http://english.irib.ir/radioculture/top-stories/item/167713-iran-to-ask-unesco-to-honor-book-week-with-message)
The Origin of Christmas
A brief history of the holiday
The first time the birth of Jesus Christ was attributed to the date December 25 was in the 4th century, according to early Roman history. Early celebrations of Christmas are thought to have derived from Roman and other European festivals that marked the end of the harvest, and the winter solstice.
Some customs from those celebrations that have endured include decorating homes with greenery, giving gifts, singing songs, and eating special foods.
The holiday developed further with the legend of St. Nicholas. Although much of his history is unconfirmed, the man who became St. Nicholas lived in the 4th century and is believed to have been a bishop in Asia Minor.
Many miracles attributed to him are dubious at best. Nevertheless, some countries named him their patron saint. He also is considered the patron saint of, among others, children (for protecting them), sailors (whom he reputedly saved at sea), and the poor (to whom he generously gave gifts).
In his honor, the Feast of St. Nicholas was marked on December 6 and gifts given the night before. The tradition was well established in many European countries by the 12th century. Eventually, because St. Nicholas’ Day and Christmas Day are so close together, their traditions generally were combined.
St. Nicholas took on different personas in different countries. For example, The Netherlands have Sinter Klaas; Father Christmas gives gifts in Great Britain; Père Noël does the same in France; and in Germany St. Nicholas has had many names including Klaasbuur, Burklaas, Rauklas, Bullerklaas, and Sunnercla, although Father Christmas is becoming more popular. In the United States, the Dutch settlers’ Sinter Klaas evolved into Santa Claus.
National Maritime Day
National Maritime Day provides an opportunity to recognize the men and women of the United States Merchant Marine and their contributions to our national security and economic strength. Since they first offered their ships and services to assist the Continental Navy in our struggle for independence, to their distinguished service in World War II, merchant mariners have courageously sacrificed to protect our country and defend our freedoms. In 1936, America recognized the contributions of these patriots and established the U.S. Merchant Marine “as a naval or military auxiliary in time of war or national emergency.” Today, merchant mariners are delivering essential supplies and equipment to our troops in Iraq and bravely serving the cause of liberty. They continue to play an important role in our Nation’s efforts to advance democracy, peace, and freedom around the world, and we are grateful for their dedication.
Merchant mariners also contribute significantly to the U.S. maritime transportation system. More than 95 percent of non-North American trade enters our country through our seaports. These ports handle more than $740 billion and 2 billion tons of domestic and international freight each year. Those in the maritime industry, including merchant mariners, enhance waterborne commerce and
help promote America’s economic growth.
Today, we honor the courage, determination, and service of our Nation’s merchant mariners and remember the many who have given their lives in defense of our country. Their work reflects the patriotism and devotion to duty that make
America great.
In recognition of the importance of the U.S. Merchant Marine, the Congress, by joint resolution approved on May 20, 1933, as amended, has designated May 22 of each year as “National Maritime Day,” and has authorized and requested that the President issue an annual proclamation calling for its appropriate observance.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim May 22, 2004, as National Maritime Day. I call upon the people of the United States to celebrate this observance and to display the flag of the United States at their homes and in their communities. I also request that all ships sailing under the American flag dress ship on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and twenty-eighth.
Cure For Cancer? New Drug Which Decimates Tumors Approved For Human Testing
Imagine a drug which can kill tumors of any kind and you have what researchers are only steps away from knowing. It is the antibody drug, CD47, which has been found to have more impact than previously thought against cancers of the blood. Recently, researchers and scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, California have performed a series of tests on mice with successful results. The data from these tests helped scientists to determine whether to move forward with new human trials.
Dr. Irving Weissman, Stanford professor of Pathology and the lead study author is hopeful that there is enough data from the mice trials. Weissman told Science Now that, “what we’ve shown is that isn’t just important on leukemias and lymphomas. It’s on every single human primary tumor that we tested.” It was found that cancer cells always ended up having higher levels of CD47 than the healthy cells. The question then is whether a tumor can predict the odds of survival for patients.
Research was conducted on mice with seven different types of cancer tumors: Breast, ovary, colon, liver, brain, prostrate, and bladder. The findings were then published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Weissman and his team are preparing for phase I human trials, which will be funded by a four year, $20 million grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
While the research and findings may be substantial evidence to move forward with human trials, there are some who warn against jumping to conclusions in findings. As Science Now reported, cancer researcher Tyler Jacks of the MIT notes that while the study is promising, more research should still be conducted to see whether humans will react in the same way. Jacks said that “It’s possible that a real tumor has additional immune suppressing effects.” Another question Jacks poses is how the CD47 antibodies would complement existing treatments. Trials will move forward, however with data that has been found and analyzed.
Weissman noted, “We have enough data already … that I can say I’m confident that this will move to phase I human trials.”